President vs Governor : Comparison [UPSC]

In this article, we will discuss the difference in powers between the President and the Governor in terms of veto power through President vs Governor , the difference in powers between them in ordinance making and the difference in powers between the two in the case of clemency. Simple and easy discussion.

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Comparison of veto power of President and Governor

Presidential General Bills	Governor General Bills
Every ordinary bill when it is passed by both the Houses of Parliament (whether separately or jointly) is sent to the President for his assent. In this case he has three options- 1. He can approve the bill, then the bill becomes an act. 2. He can withhold his assent to the bill, in which case the bill will lapse and become an act. 3. If the bill is again passed by both the houses without any change and is sent for the assent of the President, then the President must give his assent. In such cases, the President has the power of adjournment veto. That is, he can keep her in check.	Every ordinary bill when it is passed by the House or Houses of the Legislature (if there is also a Legislative Council) is sent to the Governor for his assent. In this case the Governor has four options- 1. He can give assent to the Bill, the Bill then becomes an Act. 2. He can withhold his assent to the MLA, then the Bill will lapse and become an Act. 3. If the bill is again passed by the legislature without any change and sent for the approval of the governor, then the governor has only the right of adjournment veto. 4. He can reserve the bill for the assent of the President.
Whenever a Bill is reserved by the Governor for the consideration of the President, the President has three options – 1. He can assent to the Bill after which it becomes an Act. 2. He can withhold his assent to the Bill, then the Bill will be over and the Act will not be made. 3. He can send the bill to the House or Houses of the State Legislature for reconsideration. It is required to be reconsidered by the House within six months. If the bill is sent again for the assent of the President without some amendment or amendment, the President is not bound to give it; He may or may not approve.	When the Governor reserves a bill for the assent of the President, then he has no role in making the bill an Act. If that bill is sent by the President to the House or Houses for reconsideration and after passing it again, it is sent to the President for his assent. This means that the approval of the Governor is no longer required.
relating to money bills	relating to money bills
When every Finance Bill passed by the Parliament is sent to the President for his assent, he has two options – 1. He can assent to the bill so that it becomes an Act. 2. If he does not approve then the bill will lapse And the act will not be made. Thus the President cannot return the Money Bill to the Parliament for reconsideration.	When the Finance Bill is passed by the State Legislature and sent to the Governor for his assent, he has three options – 1. He can give his assent to the Bill, then the Bill will become an Act. 2. He can withhold his assent to the Bill which will lapse and become an Act. 3. He can reserve the Bill for the consideration of the President. Thus even the Governor cannot return the Finance Bill to the State Assembly for reconsideration.
When a Finance Bill is sent by a Governor to the President, the President has two options – 1. He can give his assent to the Bill, so that the Bill becomes an Act, 2. He can withhold his assent. Then the Bill will lapse and will not become an Act. Thus the President cannot send the Finance Bill to the State Legislature for reconsideration (just like Parliament).	When the Governor reserves the Finance Bill for the consideration of the President, he no longer has any role in the functioning of the Bill. If the President assent to the bill, it will become an Act. This means that the approval of the Governor is no longer necessary.

President vs Governor

Comparison of Ordinance Making Powers of President and Governor

President	Governor
1. He can promulgate an ordinance only when both the Houses of Parliament or either House is not in session. That is, if even one of the houses is not in session, the President can promulgate an ordinance. This is because a law has to be passed by both the houses and not by one house.	1. He can promulgate an ordinance only when the House of the Legislature is not in session. But even if there is a Legislative Council, then the Governor can issue an ordinance if one of the houses is not in session.
2. The President can promulgate an ordinance only when he sees that such circumstances have arisen that it is necessary to take prompt action.	2. He may promulgate an Ordinance when he is satisfied that such circumstances have now arisen that it is necessary to take immediate action.
3. The President can issue ordinances only on those subjects on which Parliament makes laws. Otherwise an ordinance issued may become invalid if it is not capable of being made by Parliament.	3. The Governor can issue ordinances on only those issues on which the Legislature has the power to make laws. Otherwise an ordinance issued may be invalid, if it is not capable of being made by the legislature.
4. An Ordinance issued by him has the same effect as an Act made by Parliament.	4. The recognition of an ordinance by him is equivalent to an act of the state legislature.
5. He can return an ordinance at any time.	5. He can return an ordinance at any time.
6. His ordinance making power is not voluntary, that means he can make any law or withdraw an ordinance only on the advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister.	6. His ordinance making power is not voluntary that means he can make any law or withdraw an ordinance only on the advice of the council of ministers headed by the chief minister.
7. The Ordinance issued by him should be laid on the Table of both the Houses of Parliament	7. The Ordinance issued by him should be laid on the Table of the Legislature.
8. The ordinance issued by him expires six weeks after the commencement of the session of Parliament. It lapses even earlier if both the Houses of Parliament pass a resolution rejecting it.	8. The ordinance issued by him expires six weeks after the commencement of the session of the State Legislative Assembly. It can lapse even earlier, if the state legislature concurs with its disapproval.
9. No direction is required in making that ordinance.	9. It cannot make an ordinance without the President’s direction in the following three cases if – (1) its presentation in the State Legislature requires the prior approval of the President, (2) if the Governor considers it necessary for the consideration of the President a Bill with similar provisions . (3) If an act of the State Legislature is such that it becomes invalid without the assent of the President.

President vs Governor

Comparison of Pardoning Powers of President and Governor

President	Governor
1. He may pardon, suspend, suspend or commute the sentence of any person convicted of an offense against the Central law.	1. He may pardon or postpone punishment to a person convicted of an offense under State law.
2. He can pardon, reduce or postpone or commute the sentence of death. He alone has the right to waive the death sentence.	2. He cannot waive the sentence of death, even if someone has been sentenced to death under state law, he will have to seek pardon from the President instead of the Governor. But the governor can postpone it. Or ask for reconsideration.
3. He can waive, reduce or commute the sentence of a person sentenced under Court Martial (Military Court).	3. He has no power to waive the sentence of a person sentenced under Court Martial (Military Court).

President vs Governor

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