This article is a compilation of Article 20 as it is. You can understand it well, that’s why its explanation is also given below, you must read it. Its explanation is also available in Hindi, for this you can use the link given below;

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article 20
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📖 Read This Article in Hindi

📜 Article 20

20. Protection in respect of conviction for offences.— (1) No person shall be convicted of any offence except for violation of a law in force at the time of the commission of the Act charged as an offence, nor be subjected to a penalty greater than that which might have been inflicted under the law in force at the time of the commission of the offence.

(2) No person shall be prosecuted and punished for the same offence more than once.

(3) No person accused of any offence shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.
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🔍 Explanation

Freedom means the absence of external restrictions on an individual. In other words, to have control over one’s own life and destiny and to have the opportunity to freely express one’s desires and activities is freedom.

Talking about India, freedom is a fundamental right here. Actually part 3 of Indian constitution is about fundamental rights. From Article 19 to Article 22 of this, “right to freedom” has been discussed. (As you can see in the chart) We are going to understand Article 20 here;

Right to Freedom
⚫ Article 19 – Protection of six rights; (1) Expression (2) Conference (3) Association (4) Transmission (5) Residence (6) Trade
⚫ Article 20 – Protection in respect of conviction for offenses
⚫ Article 21 – Life and personal liberty
⚫ Article 21A – Right to elementary education
⚫ Article 22 – Protection from arrest and detention

| Article 20 – Protection in respect of conviction for offences.

If you are alive then it is possible that you may commit a crime or you may commit it knowingly but still you will get the following three protections from crime under Article 20.

(1) If you have done something which is not a crime in the eyes of the law, then no matter how bad you have done it, it will not be called a crime.

And if you have been convicted, then you cannot get more punishment than what is already prescribed for that crime.

For example – if there is a jail sentence of 1 year for theft then you cannot get more punishment than this.

This means that a post-facto criminal law cannot be made, that is, it cannot be that an act is made an offense in the first place and that law can be given retrospective effect.

(2) Punishment shall not be inflicted for the same offense more than once. For example, if you have committed a theft and have served one year’s sentence, you cannot be punished again for the same theft.

(3) You cannot be produced as a witness against yourself. That is, you have committed theft but you cannot be presented as a witness to testify against yourself.

So overall this is Article 20, I hope you have understood. To understand other Articles, you can use the link given below.

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| Related Article

Hindi ArticlesEnglish Articles
⚫ अनुच्छेद 19
⚫ अनुच्छेद 21
⚫ अनुच्छेद 21A
⚫ अनुच्छेद 22		⚫ Article 19
⚫ Article 21
⚫ Article 21A
⚫ Article 22
—————
⚫ अनुच्छेद 14
⚫ अनुच्छेद 15
⚫ अनुच्छेद 16
⚫ अनुच्छेद 17		⚫ Article 14
⚫ Article 15
⚫ Article 16
⚫ Article 17
—————
⚫ Constitution
⚫ Basics of Parliament
⚫ Fundamental Rights
⚫ Judiciary in India
⚫ Executive in India		⚫ Constitution
⚫ Basics of Parliament
⚫ Fundamental Rights
⚫ Judiciary in India
⚫ Executive in India
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Disclaimer - The articles and their interpretations presented here are based on the original Constitution (latest edition), DD Basu's commentary on the Constitution (mainly) and various scholars of the Constitution (whose writings are available in newspapers, magazines and audio-visuals on the Internet). We have just tried to make it interesting and easy to understand.